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So far Kai Staats has created 551 blog entries.

65 buttons

My 2019 Subaru Crosstrek is in the shop, my request that the tech attempt to learn why my milage dropped from 31-32 to 27-28 following a clearly bad tank of gas following a climbing trip to Joshua Tree, and five tanks of gas later, no recovery. My guess is a clogged fuel filter or char’d spark plugs. While I await a verdict the dealer provided me with a loaner, a recent model Subaru Ascent. This was Subaru’s questionable answer to a larger passenger vehicle. On the drive from Biosphere 2 back to my home, which I do most every weekend, I found myself frustrated beyond exhaustion by the constant barrage of lights and sounds, warnings for my coming too close to the paint on the sides of the lane, warnings for cars I am passing and cars passing me, and an on-dash animation that shows me how far I am from the car in front of me. I counted 65 illuminated buttons and dials accessible from the driver side of the vehicle. This is more than a Cesna 172 aircraft and likely comparable to a fighter jet in the US Air Force.

The goal of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is valid. They want to reduce accidents year after year, and eventually bring fatalities to zero. But what doesn’t makes sense is the means by which each automobile manufacturer is allowed to implement new features with almost no consideration for human factors and the human-machine interface.

Given my BSc in Industrial Design I am keenly aware of humans factors that work, and human factors that fail miserably. The transition to LCD screens is in and of itself a tremendous contradiction in safety as the lack of tactile feedback to the driver’s fingers means that every single time the interface is addressed it demands that the driver take his or her eyes from the road to the screen. Where with physical buttons and knobs the driver quickly, usually within just a few attempts develops muscle memory for the function, position, and resistance required to actuate the button.

What’s worse, automobile manufacturers are appealing to new buyers with the same marketing strategy as those employed to sell laptops, tablets, and cell phones — bigger screen is better. But to fit 65 physical buttons into a single dash, not including the function of the LCD screen does not make sense. What’s more, the animation showing my distance from the car in front of me is drawing my attention away from the road which is the only place my eyes should be observing. I realized I was putting myself in danger for the attempts to configure the dashboard display settings to reduce the stimuli, and pulled over to work through the myriad options.

We are not suppose to look at our cell phones while driving. That makes sense. But the automobile manufacturers distract us with far more engaging graphics and information in the name of safety, then automate driving to compensate for our lack of attention behind the wheel. While these safety features are likely reducing some types of automobile accidents and automobile/pedestrian strikes, How many automobile accidents are now the result of in-dash infotainment systems?

Finally, how much of the driving experience is diminished by the constant chatter of the computer system? Do we become better drivers, or just tune-out the noise while feeling safer at the wheel? Are we in fact encouraged to be engaged in non-driving functions such as conversations, food, calls, even watching movies while driving?

According to the NHTSA 2020 report, “The U.S. Department of Transportation’s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration released its 2020 annual traffic crash data, showing that 38,824 lives were lost in traffic crashes nationwide. That number marks the highest number of fatalities since 2007. The estimated number of police-reported crashes in 2020 decreased by 22% as compared to 2019, and the estimated number of people injured declined by 17%. While the number of crashes and traffic injuries declined overall, fatal crashes increased by 6.8%. The fatality rate per 100 million vehicle miles traveled increased to 1.34, a 21% increase from 2019 and the highest since 2007.

“The 2020 crash data report also examines fatality data in key categories, as compared to 2019:
– Injured people, including occupants and nonoccupants, down significantly in most categories
– Estimated number of police-reported crashes in 2020 decreased by 22%
– Fatalities in speeding-related crashes up 17%
– Fatalities in alcohol-impaired driving crashes up 14%
– Unrestrained passenger vehicle occupant fatalities up 14%
– Motorcyclist fatalities up 11% (highest number since first data collection in 1975)
– Bicyclist fatalities up 9.2% (highest number since 1987)
– Passenger car occupant fatalities up 9%
– Fatalities in urban areas up 8.5%
– Pedestrian fatalities up 3.9% (highest number since 1989)
– Fatalities in hit-and-run crashes up 26%
– Fatalities in large-truck crashes down 1.3%

In 45% of fatal crashes, the drivers of passenger vehicles were engaged in at least one of the following risky behaviors: speeding, alcohol impairment, or not wearing a seat belt.” It seems that in the end, it remains human recklessness and speed. As I learned more than two decades ago from a mechanic in Fort Collins who retrofit passenger cars for the race track, “If Detroit installed a roll cage in every car, we’d walk away from nearly every crash, unscathed.”

By |2022-03-30T11:26:06-04:00March 27th, 2022|Critical Thinker, Humans & Technology|Comments Off on 65 buttons

Putin, Gandhi, and Me

We watch the news and ask how is it possible that anyone could cause such pain, could inflict such damage without provocation, without self-defence. We naturally separate the actions of a dictator and his army from those of our colleagues, family, and friends. That is a crazy man, over there, out of reach, out of touch. He is a murderer, a criminal, and insane. But I am not.

We are the most homogeneous species on the planet, our DNA more similar between any two of us than any insect, rodent, bird or mammal. When we point to another, we are in fact pointing to our self, for in us is the foundation for them; and in each of them is a nearly identical copy of us.

When Vladimir Putin sends the Russian military into neighboring Ukraine, it is our DNA that makes this unfathomable move possible, for inside each of us is the capability to wield deadly force in defense of an ideal. Each of us is a killer, a murderer, a soldier and a thief. We may not in this lifetime express that capacity, but it is there, waiting as a latent thought, a bad dream, or a quest for power in a world in which we all feel powerless, and seek more than we deserve.

I am Putin. I am Kim Jong-un. I am Chairman Mao, Andrew Jackson, and Hitler too. And there is a part of me that resembles Trump for in my chemistry and makeup is the desire to mock those I do not understand and to build a narrative that reinforces what I want to believe, not that which is based in fact and reality. To kill another human, through direct conflict or remote action seems impossible, but there are times where if I am honest, I could pull the trigger.

I am Gandhi, Mother Teresa, King, Mandela, and the people of Poland who receive refugees into their homes. My wiring and chemical make-up is all of these too. Yet for some reason, I find it more difficult, more challenging to move as they did and do, to hold strong to my values, to let go of anger and pain such that I can again see a path forward in which we all benefit as one. They are in me too, their DNA very much my own, voices waiting to be heard.

I am a multi-generational being, the product of my grandparents survival of the Great Depression and my parents deliberate integration of the ’60s psychology that gives children a say in the path to their destination. Generation to generation our epigenetic code carries forward a layer of protection for our children, our children’s children, and theirs too. The families that survive the devastation in Ukraine will carry trauma in the marrow of their bone. Some will respond with PTSD or life-long anxiety, others no apparent effect at all. Some will return to the life taken from them, others will start a new. And in the next generation will be a random mix of powerful programming that will give birth to a new host of dictators, peace keepers, and everyone in between.

It is not yet known if times of war beget warriors to follow or a cultural shift toward peace that is sustained. Perhaps in the future we will have this clarity, and while NATO fears nuclear retaliation and the Pope cries out “Stop this massacre!” a mathematician will calculate the impact on a global scale dictated not by the cost of reconstruction nor the lives lost to bombs dropped, but by the number of dictators and illicit rulers who will inevitably rise from the ashes only to do it all over again.

By |2022-03-27T15:05:49-04:00March 13th, 2022|The Written|Comments Off on Putin, Gandhi, and Me

The walking water bottle

I was at my car, loading for a trip to town, when I set my half-full water bottle on the hood. I reached into my pocket to grab my keys, my arms full, when I heard the bottle vibrating. My car was not running, rather sitting perfectly still. When I saw what was happening, I set everything down and grabbed my phone to record.

It appears the inherent motion of the water coupled with the rounded bottom edges of the bottle, concave surface of that portion of the Subaru hood, and half full water enabled that trapped kenetic energy to translate into motion. What’s astounding is how the dual-cycle standing waves in the water (meaning, the waves repeatedly return to the same position and height, amplifying the motion) “walk” the bottle down the car’s hood. The motion of the water in the bottle is essentially in equilibrium, the waves casting their energy against the inside of the bottle balanced by the forward “walking” motion invoked by the pull of gravity over an ever-so-slightly sloped surface.

But when that surface changes, the system is imbalanced, the bottle is no longer stable, and topples over the side.

I reset the bottle at the top and without any effort on my behalf, it did it all over again. So much fun!

My former high school physics professor Dan Heim found this worthy of investigation and included a full explanation as the topic for his weekly science essays at Sky Lights.

By |2024-06-27T17:32:08-04:00February 26th, 2022|Ramblings of a Researcher|Comments Off on The walking water bottle

Finding solace in the winter of a warming planet

It’s winter in the desert. Cool days, cooler nights. I wouldn’t go so far as to say “cold nights” for there would be contention with those who do in fact endure nights in which being out of doors would be unpleasant, even difficult to endure.

While we might enjoy a dusting of snow, even a few inches each year, this year is coming up mostly dry, warmer it seems than the prior two. I have not yet seen ice crystals formed from latent dew, nor have the mesquite trees lost all of their leaves.

I am deeply concerned. This doesn’t feel right. It should be colder, and with global warming and associated climate change, I wonder if we will ever again have a proper winter, here or anywhere. I feel suffocated by the notion of a world without snow. My childhood memories recall massive snow piles formed by the snow plows clearing the church parking lot just up the street, built even higher by the blowing wind and associated drifts. Nebraska was a winter wonderland in the 70′ and 80’s, yet even there were stories of much heavier winters with drifts over rooftops, roofs collapsing under the burden of such a load.

One cold, bright morning my father attempted to exit the front door of our home in Columbus, Nebraska. The wood door open to the inside, the screen door its winter glass panes made it fully evident that a drift has completely blocked this north-facing exit. The side door, to the west was the same. As our garage was attached, my brother and I pulled on our many layers of winter gear, grabbed shovels, and climbed through the high kitchen window to the south. We sunk nearly to our chest, through the thin crust and into the light drift. I wonder now if I was at all concerned with falling all the way through, well over my head. Yet I was a kid, and such thoughts were not likely present in my brain filled with the adventure of of a house buried in snow.

We made our way along the west side of the house, around the corner to the drive way that terminated beneath the shallow overhang and garage door. We dug our way to the front door, clearing shovel after shovel until the porch was revealed. Our father greeted us from the inside, smiling for our endeavor.

I don’t recall the details, but he surely joined us in clearing the drive such that he might be able to get to work that or the next day, by foot or by car. But in that neighborhood, as with so many, the social duty of clearing snow, raking leaves, mowing the yard was more important than the need to get out of the house. Then, as now, I prefer to be snow’d in for a few days, a week or more.

In the southestern corner of Arizona, in the San Pedro River corridor and our community of Cascabel, it would take a total shift in the global climate to result in such an event (which would be welcomed by some, and completely rejected by others). We embrace the winter rain as the reason to tend a fire all day, set a kettle on the wood burning stove, and remain in doors. The clouds roll as turbulent waves overhead, this mesquite forest at the bottom of a shallow sky sea. The steel panel roof alerts me and Colleen to the rain even before we take notice of the wet patio and smell of the desert drinking it all in. That sound, the sound of rain drops that have fallen several miles only to crash into a metal surface, roll down to the gutter, and into the planters and water catchment systems–that sound is as comforting a lover’s voice at the break of dawn, as engaging as an orchestra in its first movement, as breathtaking as the opening score of a favorite film.

Once again, I am counting raindrops in Cascabel, cherishing the waves of precipitation throughout the night, and secretly hoping it will snow.

By |2022-01-23T14:54:07-04:00January 22nd, 2022|At Home in the Southwest|Comments Off on Finding solace in the winter of a warming planet

When the muse cannot find the keyboard

So many stories, so many things I want to say trapped in an internal monologue. Sometimes the words make it to my mouth, sometimes to my tongue only to be whispered in an inaudible tone. But my fingers, they are so simply too far away from my brain. By the time the words reach those distant implements, those tools of communication the words fall silent and lose their form, only an echo of what were moments before clear in my head.

By |2022-01-23T15:27:09-04:00November 21st, 2021|At Home in the Southwest|Comments Off on When the muse cannot find the keyboard

SAM featured in Scientific American

Scientific American article

Biosphere 2: The Once Infamous Live-In Terrarium Is Transforming Climate Research, October 4, 2021
by By Keridwen Cornelius for Scientific American

“The Space Analog for the Moon and Mars (SAM) ‘is very much, at a scientific level and even a philosophical level, similar to the original Biosphere,’ says SAM director Kai Staats. Unlike other space analogues around the world, SAM will be a hermetically sealed habitat. Its primary purpose will be to discover how to transition from mechanical methods of generating breathable air to a self-sustaining system where plants, fungi and people produce a precise balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide.”

Read the full story.

By |2021-10-04T16:20:12-04:00October 4th, 2021|Uncategorized|Comments Off on SAM featured in Scientific American

When the sky opens and the water comes down

How does one describe rain falling upon the desert? Sometimes drop by drop as counted upon the sheet metal that lines the rooftop. Sometimes as an afternoon shower that reduces the heat for just a few hours. Often the storms are seen in the distance, on the far side of a ridge or across a wide valley. The waterfall beneath a distant cloud is painted as dark brush strokes across a backlit, fire lit sky orange and gray. And sometimes, just a few times each year the rain is described not by how it falls but by how it fills the mountain stream beds. Otherwise dry tributaries give rise to cascades over mineral stained lips and parched hanging gardens into fields of polished boulders, crafted over millions of years.

The first water is quickly absorbed by decaying litter and underlying sand. But as the hidden boundaries between ancient geological features are saturated, the water rises up, filling the space between grains of sand then cobbles, submerged tree trunks, and river banks. This is when the water falling down transforms into a race across the land; when we no longer count the rain drops but instead take heed of the shaking earth, at first from thunder and then the tumbling of stones and uprooted trees whose trunks are too large for human arms to embrace.

It is in these desert interactions that earth-bound creatures touch the sky, when heaven, as if needing to relieve itself of a heavy burden tears does open wide. We look not for angels nor the shadow of a bearded man, rather we applaud the branches of blinding lightning and celebrate the ability of a storm to cut to the core of our animal being.

In Cascabel the rain is a reason for celebration. The many varieties of succulents fill to nearly bursting their green skin. Garden vegetables and fruit trees no longer hesitate to yield. Seeds dormant just below the surface break through the crust, rising from seedling to six feet tall in less than two weeks, each day noting increase in height and stem diameter. Neighbors phone friends and send email messages with timing and directional movement of the storm. “Here it comes!”, “Get ready!”, and “We got over an inch already!” followed by “Made it to town” or “The road is out!”

The rain is welcomed even when it makes travel difficult for it reminds us of our incredibly small importance in a much larger world. When all that we have built, when all we have carefully organized and maintained can be undone in a matter of hours or in a single flash flood, the storm reminds us to respect and embrace the ambiguity of a world in which we are not in control, and to celebrate that which we are given, even if just a few times each year.

By |2022-01-23T15:36:20-04:00August 3rd, 2021|At Home in the Southwest|Comments Off on When the sky opens and the water comes down

Exploring Another World

For the past two weeks I have enjoyed the rich experience of exploring the undersea world of the coral reef of Roatan, Honduras. For my entire adult life I have wanted to gain my SCUBA certification. While I have snorkeled in Hawaii, Thailand, mainland U.S. and Mexico, I am proud to state that I am now PADI certified for open water diving.

As part of an Explorers Club expedition organized by my associate Trent Tresch, Colleen and I were given opportunity to explore the undersea world at 1500 feet below sea level, in a home made submarine. It was an incredible, truly other-world experience that neither of us will ever forget.

Principal to the expedition was the sampling of water, at various depths, to look for microplastics, and to tag six gill sharks, a very poorly understood, 300 million year old creature that lives its entire life in incredibly deep bodies of water.

We were successful in both regards, unfortunately discovering microplastics (as expected), and other members of this dynamic team were able to tag two sharks, the transmitters tracking their movements for a few months, and one year respectively. The final beacon will release itself as programmed, float to the surface, and then transmit all captured data via satellite to be studied.

By |2022-01-28T02:27:40-04:00July 31st, 2021|From the Road|Comments Off on Exploring Another World

A summer harvest

A spring harvest

The Cascabel Community Garden never ceases to amaze me with its prolific production of fresh produce, even as the summer temperatures set new high records. Our local community members apply their experience, skills, and labor year-round, with roughly three growing seasons and associated harvests. Today, following my morning run, I stopped by the garden to select onions, garlic, tomatoes, and the last pickings of leafy greens. The tallest of the tomatoes were started in my house in January, way ahead of the official season. When I moved to the Biosphere 2 to work on SAM the weekly watering was not ample to keep them from wilting on my window sill. Transported to the community garden greenhouse, they were well cared for and now stand over six feet tall, with juicy, sweet tomatoes on every vine.

If I could never again eat a store-bought tomato, I’d be a very satisfied person.

By |2021-07-21T17:07:37-04:00July 12th, 2021|At Home in the Southwest|Comments Off on A summer harvest
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